Aristotle And Aristotle s Theory Of Virtue - 2685 Words

Matt Westermeyer Epictetus and Aristotle in Practice Mankind has been searching for existential reasoning since our earliest beginnings. One of the biggest questions, the one that keeps me up at night, â€Å"How ought we to live?† will be explained from the viewpoints of Epictetus in his Enchiridion and Aristotle in Nicomachean Ethics. In this paper, I will discuss both philosophies in principle and practice, while giving insight to how to they may function in a modern world situation. Although both theories have useful guidance for navigating the human condition, Aristotle’s theory of virtue encompasses more of a real world schematic of how to interpret oneself in relation to our surroundings through compassion rather than apathy. Epictetus’ Enchiridion or â€Å"Manual† lays out guidelines according to his stoic doctrines. He essentially instructs the reader to understand their relativity to nature and guide one into a submissive state under the grander scheme of cosmological law. Epictetus tells us to let go of fears of death and loss and to find balance amongst needed desires and aversions. He assures that everything happens for some good reason, and that as a rational and sentient creature, one should see things for how they really are and consider the consequences of our actions and thoughts. Since beliefs can correct emotions, those who have control over their thoughts are in control of their freedom; strong words coming from someone who was born into actual physical slaveryShow MoreRelatedAristotle And Aristotle s Theory Of Moral Virtue1229 Words   |  5 PagesNietzsche and Aristotle were two of the most significant philosopher of not only their time but their works has lasted throughout the centuries to influence even some today’s greatest minds. Their works however could not be any separated, Aristotle is a prominent figure in ancient Greek philosophy, making contributions to logic, metaphysics, mathematics, physics, biology, botany, ethics, politics, agriculture, medicine, dance and theatre. He was a student of great thinkers such as Plato and SocratesRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Virtue Ethics1095 Words   |  5 Pageswhole.† ― Aristotle, The Nicomachean Ethics Ethics is the philosophical study of moral judgements (Solomon: 2010). Moral philosophy has long been dominated by two basic theories; deontology, inspired by Immanuel Kant, the eighteenth century philosopher and; utilitarianism or consequentialism, which derives its modern day instructions from eighteenth and nineteenth century philosophers Jeremey Bentham and J. S. Mills, respectively (Hursthouse:1999). Increasing dissatisfaction with these theories and theirRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Virtue Ethics2060 Words   |  9 PagesWhy does Aristotle think friendship is a good? Is he right? Aristotle outlined a guide to ethics that sought, first and foremost, a degree of applicability that does not falter in its representations of humankind. Perhaps this is the reason that Aristotle plays close attention to one of humankinds most treasured and hard-wearing concepts - friendship. It would be fair to say that friendship has cemented a position as one of the most fundamental constituents that contribute to the phenomenon of dailyRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Virtue868 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Professor Koteski, â€Å"Aristotle used a â€Å"biological† model in his approach to ethics.† His search for common components in the lives of different individuals attempted to define what led to excellence in the life of those individuals and in the life of a community. This shaped Aristotle teleological worldview as he thought that determining natural purposes was the path to the most fundamental principles in governing the people or the city. Virtue is a s tate that decides, consisting in aRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Virtue1493 Words   |  6 Pageswhat virtue is. Aristotle’s definition of virtue can be described as the as the â€Å"state of character concerned with choice, lying in a mean relative to us, this being determined by reason and by that reason by which the man of practical wisdom would determine it† (Nicomachean Ethics, 31). In addition to that, Aristotle illustrates two types of virtue that stem from his primary idea; moral and intellectual virtue. Aristotle expounds moral virtue as actualizing from habit, in which the virtue cannotRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Moral Virtue1269 Words   |  6 Pagesone and two of the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle lays a foundation for and explains reasoning behind his theory of moral virtue. Aristotle does this to give understanding of what it means to be morally virtuous, and how to achieve it. I believe Aristotle’s theory, in the face of objections regarding t he relativity of virtue, is sufficient to achieve an understanding to what it means to be morally virtuous and how to act in a morally virtuous manner. Aristotle uses book one of the Nicomachean EthicsRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Virtue As A Mean1161 Words   |  5 Pageswork the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle posits the idea that many desirable characteristics, the virtues, are what he calls â€Å"means,† much like the concept of the average mean in mathematics. He states that these qualities are not extremes, but rather, the degree to which a given quality should be expressed so as to be virtuous falls somewhere between the extremes. He elaborates that specific locations of each mean are determined by their nature, that is, some virtues fall closer to one end of a spectrumRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Moral Virtue915 Words   |  4 Pages Given the outline of Aristotle’s theory of moral virtue, I am left to conclude that Aristotle’s position is correct. Morality is obviously not innate, but clearly anyone with proper faculties of reasoning can achieve morality. Similarly we would not judge a baby on the ac tions it takes just as one would not judge the actions of an animal because the lack of reason strips the ability to achieve morality from the being under judgement; So to say that an animal or baby is gluttonous and therefor immoralRead MoreSocrates And Aristotle s Life1491 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosopher Aristotle is widely thought to have said, The ultimate value of life depends upon awareness and the power of contemplation rather than upon mere survival. The earliest accounts of human history chronicle the struggle for survival against all odds. It is therefore remarkable that roughly 2400 years ago the question of virtue was raised, let alone contemplated at great length, forming a foundation upon which Western philosophers build to the present day. Socrates and Aristotle were twoRead MoreAristotles Philosophy on Purpose Essay884 Words   |  4 PagesAristotle, the last of the great Greek philosophers. He roamed Ancient Greece from 384 BC until his death in 323 BC. In this time, he wrote an enormous amount of works, a variety of books from metaphysics to politics and to poetry. His variety is exceptionally impressive. His greatest known works are the Athenian Constitution and Nicomachean Ethics. Aristotle’s works of Ethics explore a vast area of topics. He states, â€Å"The goal of the Ethics is to determine how best to achieve happiness.† In order

Homeland Security And The Security - 1435 Words

Differences The idea of securing the nation’s borders and securing the safety of the citizens has been a major topic since the beginning of the nation’s existence. There have always been means and procedures for it but it was never defined to the point it is today. The Homeland Security Department is a fairly new program which is constantly improving and adjusting in accordance to the threats that may arise. In the attempt to secure the United States, homeland security has become paramount and a lot of emphasis is being provided so as to ensure the safety of the borders and the citizens of the United States. So one must ponder what the difference between homeland security and homeland defense are since they both tend to mean the same†¦show more content†¦Later, the federal, state, and local government responses to disasters such as Hurricane Katrina expanded the concept of homeland security to include significant disasters, major public health emergencies, and other events that threaten the United States, its economy, the rule of law, and government operations (2). Homeland security is the combination of law enforcement, immigration, disaster relief, and terrorist activities within the United States’ borders. This would be based on the local agencies and civilian departments to safeguard the people from any threat within while being assisted by the government. In some aspects of terror attacks, there will be a combination of both homeland security and homeland defense. 9/11 is the perfect example as homeland security was responding to the local disasters and threats while the homeland defense, military, was deploying to get to the root of the threats. This is essential to the way homeland security operates because this will stop the attack on the nation’s soil before it reaches the borders and local government agencies are required. The biggest issue with the homeland security aspect is that the

A Commentary on William Wordsworth’s Poems Free Essays

There are many strategies in which a writer can convey his message to his readers. One is allusion, a literary device that lets the readers have a mental image of what the writer is trying to express in his article. The dictionary defines it as an â€Å"indirect reference or citation† to a person, place or something that is presumed to be known already by the reader. We will write a custom essay sample on A Commentary on William Wordsworth’s Poems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Others classify it as an indirect mention of something that the writer may intentionally or unintentionally do so. It is up to the reader to see and grasp the necessary connection. Wordsworth’s breathtaking ranges in poetry encompasses the entire arc of his career from writing pieces of poetry and lingering passionate meditations on demands set forth by the contemporary society for purposes which indulges the art of love, heroism, nature and a whole sense of unpredictable somber and angry poems which stages the flames of war and a whole lot more of uprising circumstances. His so-called nature pieces gave not only a slight impact on readers, but it made people internalize each and every line of his poems such as in Tintern Abbey in the specific lines. â€Å"Do I behold these steep and lofty cliffs, that on a wild secluded scene impress, thoughts of more deep seclusion; and connect, the landscape with the quiet of the sky† (Wordsworth, Owen and Wordsworth). It was believed that the purpose of his works is to send subliminal messages to the British society of his time. He is a man armed with romanticism which is considered moribund in modern literature. His skill of captivating hearts of readers with his ability to revive legends by placing it into lyrics gave him a towering height of success and respect which is up to date appreciated by literature fanatics. Unlike E. S. Yeats who received mostly admiration on his works, William Wordsworth on the other hand had a lot of criticisms regarding his works especially on The Prelude. Some said his works were â€Å"not being poetry at all† and that they were just replica of other authors’ creations. Nevertheless, these were not barriers for Wordsworth to be recognized as one of the most influential British poets in the 18th Century (Colville). Among his greatest works were published after his death in 1850 which gave him a breakthrough in the limelight and a tank of deliberate criticisms at that. Given the fact that his works were often questioned, he remained steadfast upon his works and continued writing epics, tragedies, culture and religion. His enthusiasm on nature which triggered the rationality of the reading public were ironically given ample respect. He was described as a writer dancing shallow waters, and enables one to judge his works either positively or negatively. It was between: love him, or hate him. William Wordsworth in his works in Lyrical Ballads which includes the â€Å"Tables Turned† and Tintern Abbey† also says that it will make everything about him right again, put his life back into perspective especially those about his friend, Samuel Taylor Coleridge as reflected on the lines of the poem, The Tables Turned which reads, â€Å"May teach you more of man, of moral evil and of good, than all the sages can† (Wordsworth, Owen and Wordsworth). Again, he talked about the Coleridge and mentioned the woman he loves and how she is the object of his desires, and also, pain. But then, in addition to feeling let down, Wordsworth also implies that he is not sure about how his friend does things in the poem as reflected by the lines, â€Å"Sweet is the lore which Nature brings; our meddling intellect, mis-shapes the beauteous forms of things:–we murder to dissect†. The essence of the British romantic period is its ability on making readers read and at the same time comprehends what they are reading. This literary device which is used in prose and poetry help in visualizing a mental picture by playing with words alluded. The fragile fact in the usage of such is the level of expectation evoked by the allusion. The style is like â€Å"counting chickens with eggs†. In general, the utilization of allusions by a novelist shows an anticipation that the bookworm is proverbial with the allusion made, otherwise the effect is nowhere to be found in the tentacles of the purpose. Colville, Derek. The Teaching of Wordsworth. American University Studies. Series Iv, English Language and Literature, Vol. 7. New York: P. Lang, 1984. Wordsworth, William, W. J. B. Owen, and William Wordsworth. The Fourteen-Book Prelude. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985. How to cite A Commentary on William Wordsworth’s Poems, Papers

Corporations As Banks Venture Capitalists â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Corporations As Banks Venture Capitalists? Answer: Introduction Crowdfunding is the modern way of financing new business and start-up. It helps new start-ups by raising funds for their business operations from various sources, such as relatives, associates, financiers and family members. These peoples prefer to invest their capital in small finance projects. It allows small businesses to get investment without the help of any large corporations such as banks or venture capitalists. The popularity of crowdfunding has grown significantly in past decade and it helps finance small companies and ideas in different fields. The essay will discuss the achievement of crowdfunding in different social aspects such as charity, donations, and development of products and facilities. The Australian legislative structure for crowdfunding and structure of other countries will be discussed in the essay for evaluating various differences. Further, the essay will recommend Howard Jones regarding funding of his idea of solar power batteries through crowdfunding metho d and compare it to other traditional methods of funding Crowdfunding Mechanism Crowdfunding and crowd-sourced funding are two different methods of financing a corporation or idea. In crowd sourced funding, the entrepreneurs received funding for their ideas but the financiers take a certain part of their shares[1]. The crowdfunding is a particular part of a crowd sourced funding, in which the funding is collected through the crowd. The crowdfunding is separate from the traditional method of funding such as a loan from banks, venture capitalists, and angel investors. These investors are limited in numbers and prefer to invest in large investment projects. The crowdfunding provided the perfect platform to new entrepreneurs to present, form and share their inventive ideas, by providing them a large number of investors and high financing options. The entrepreneur and financiers connected with each other through online websites and social media platforms[2]. There are four types of crowdfunding option available such as reward, equity, charity and landing based crowdfunding[3]. In the reward centered crowdfunding, the financiers invest in the project of entrepreneurs because of the rewards provided by them. In equity centered crowdfunding, the financiers gets share of the corporation for the investment provided by them. The charity centered crowdfunding is based on social causes; the investors did not get any monetary benefit in this crowdfunding. In case of landing centered crowdfunding, the investment provided by financiers are considered as a loan and entrepreneurs has to return it with interest. There are some steps that must be followed by entrepreneurs for crowdfunding of their ideas. The most important step is related to providing complete and correct information to the investors regarding their idea[4]. All the necessary information must be provided to the financiers before the collection of crowdfunding. The information includes details regarding product, facilities, objectives, required investment, the time frame for the manufacturing of product and rewards provided by the company for their investors. Entrepreneurs can post their business offer on various crowdfunding websites, available online to invite financiers[5]. Commercial and Social Examples of Crowdfunding As per David Murray, to support and promote entrepreneurs small business ideas and start-up, the crowdfunding options is significantly useful in the Australian economy. The reward based crowdfunding attract a large number of small financiers to invest in the ideas of entrepreneurs[6]. In this method, the company gives a guarantee to its investors that they will receive rewards one the company started operating and start generating profits. The entrepreneurs and small financiers both get benefit such way because the financier invests a small amount which does not carry large risk and entrepreneurs gets their idea funded. Indiegogo and Kickstarter are the two largest online platforms for entrepreneurs to fund their ideas through crowdfunding process[7]. In 2016, an Australian game developing company called Satellite Reign[8] raised a funding of $461,333 for their real-time strategy game, through crowdfunding website Kickstarter. In case of equity based crowdfunding, the financiers get shares of the organisation for their investment. According to Tim Heasley, who is a partner of Artesian Venture Partners, only the wholesale financiers investing 2.5 million in real estate or earning an income of $250,000 are considered in the Australian legal system. In 2013, thousands of small financiers raise a funding of $2 million, for technology corporations such as Fame Partners and CrowdMobile[9]. In 2014, more than 22 thousand projects were funded through crowdsourcing on the Kickstarter website and the financiers contribute more than $500 million for a new project. Various small Australian companies such as Ninja Blocks and KoalaSafe raised their funding through crowdfunding from Kickstarter website. Crowdfunding is also a popular method for raising funds for social and charitable causes. Many people donate online for different social and charitable causes. The money donated by people used by entrepreneurs into charitable work. There are several crowdfunding websites that support charity investments to help different charities of the world. Various charitable caused are funded due to such crowdsourcing websites. There are several examples of online charitable crowdsourcing campaigns that assist in raising donation for various social causes. For example, Sanfilippo syndrome is a neurological illness which tears brain cells of the patient suffering from such disorder. The patient suffering from the syndrome cannot walk and talk or eat their food themselves. Eliza, a four-year-old girl, was suffering from such disorder. The treatment for such disorder, which only performed in Ohio, costs more than $2.5 million. Elizas parents made several videos about the condition of their daughter and upload them on the internet to seek help for fighting such disease. The money they raised was not enough for the treatment of Eliza. A professional filmmaker named Benjamin Von Wong saw the story of Eliza and created a short video on her condition. He titled the video Saving Eliza[10], who became significantly popular over the internet. In few months, Elizas parents received a donation of $380,000 through crowdfunding donations. Currently, the campaign has raised more than 1.8 million for the treatment of Elizas disorder. Another example is of Melissa Smith, she was 22 years old and suffering from a dangerous disease called Hodgkin's lymphoma. While she was suffering from Hodgkin's lymphoma she diagnosed with cancer twice. Melissa faced another life-threatening disease when she was 29 years old, called Transverse Myelitis. She became paralysed in few weeks and lost all the sensational from her limbs. Melissas sister started an online campaign for raising fund for treatment of Melissas diseases. The story of Melissa was noticed by a popular website called Chive and they decided to help Melissa for her treatment. The company started an online campaign for crowdfunding called Hope for a Home[11] and raised more than $413,000 in 14 months. More than twelve thousand people contributed for the treatment of Melissa. Legislative Framework of Crowdfunding In Australia, the crowdfunding is a new concept of raising investment for entrepreneurs projects. The Corporations Amendment (Crowd-sourced Funding) Act 2017[12] was passed to provide various guidelines for crowdfunding in Australia. The act was accepted on 28th March 2017 and it came into existence from 29th September 2017. It is based on providing new guidelines and regulations for crowdfunding operations in Australia. The Corporations Act 2001 gets amended and added various new principles of crowdfunding. There are few changes in Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 as well. The new crowdfunding act changed the structure of Australian market license process. There are several new exceptions which can be applied by crowd sourced funding mediators and the monetary market operatives. The new market operatives have the advantage to get an exemption from the requirement of Australian market license. The non-listed corporations with an annual turnover or market capitalisation lower than $25 million are covered under this act[13]. The corporations which are not subsidiary or did not have any connection with the listed organisation also come under this act. These corporations can raise investment through equity centered crowdfunding up to $5 million in a year. Eligible corporations can use new amendments to create a new offering of investment under fresh disclosure system. This system is significantly easier than old system provided under Corporations Act. The offer for crowdfunding should include a proposal document and it should introduce an online crowdfunding platform. The online platform must have a license of Australian financial services. The proposal document should include all the necessary detail of the proposal. A small scale financier can invest ten thousand dollars annually in crowdfunding offers. The risk of investment must be recognised and approved by the financiers in a period of five days. The number of wholesale financiers is also limited in crowdfunding offers, but the number of projects in which they can invest is unlimited. In case of the United States and the United Kingdom, there is no fixed limit on the crowdfunding investment[14]. Without the limit, the entrepreneurs in UK and US can easily raise more funds as compared to Australian entrepreneurs. The option of crowdfunding is also limited for the unlisted corporation and not available for a private organisation. Observations The crowdfunding is a modern concept in Australia as compared to other countries. Various countries have adopted a legal framework for crowdfunding policies such as United States, United Kingdom, and New Zealand, but the Australian framework is comparatively strict than other countries[15]. The policies of Australian crowdfunding limit the number of businesses which can use crowdfunding method to raise investment. The policies created by the government of Australian have faced numerous criticisms from start-ups industry. The crowdfunding method cannot be used by start-ups or entrepreneurs in Australia; instead, this is available for corporations with a turnover or market capitalisation of $5 million. The United States has implemented an effective crowdfunding procedure for organisations with different products and facilities. For example, Oculus Rift raised $2.5 million from crowdsourcing procedure through Kickstarter[16]. The company was bought by Facebook for $2 Billion in 2014. In 2015, the worldwide crowdfunding industry has raised over $34.4 billion. Australia can adopt various policies from other countries to improve their crowdfunding procedure, for enabling small entrepreneurs to raise investment for their projects. The crowdfunding has numerous benefits than compared to traditional method of raising money. Although the Australian regulations lack several benefits of crowdfunding, it is still a better option for small corporations to raise investment. The Australian government is slowly adopting the policies of crowdfunding but there is still time before they developed such as the United States or United Kingdoms policies. There are mixed reviews regarding the Australian crowdfunding regulation from various market experts. According to Jo Burston, the crowdfunding act passed by the Australian government is the right step towards the improvement of corporations funding situation but the restrictions imposed by the government over small start-ups to raise funding are wrong and against the crowdfunding objectives[17]. Howard Jones can use crowdfunding to raise investment for his project, but the regulations of Australian crowdfunding act put various restriction over single entrepreneurs. Howard Jones can open his unlisted company and then raise investment through crowdfunding. The method of crowdfunding for raising investment is significantly better than traditional methods because it provides large control to the entrepreneur. Conclusion From the above essay, it can be concluded that crowdfunding is a modern method of raising funds for small business. Crowdfunding can be used for raising fund for social and charitable causes as well. Various countries such as US and UK have effectively implemented crowdfunding policies which assist small entrepreneurs to raise investment for their projects. Australia has implemented the equity crowdfunding regulation, but they lack various features of crowdfunding when compared to other countries. Howard Jones should adopt crowdfunding way to raise investment due to its various benefits such as more control over operations and no pressure of venture capitalist. Crowdfunding benefits a countrys economy and helps small entrepreneurs to raise capital. References Belleflamme, Paul, Thomas Lambert, and Armin Schwienbacher. "Crowdfunding: Tapping the right crowd."Journal of business venturing29.5 (2014): 585-609. Eastwell, Michelle, Jessica Dale, and Felicity Dunstone. "Crowd-sourced equity funding is coming to Australia."Governance Directions69.7 (2017): 411. English, Rebecca. "Rent-a-crowd? Crowdfunding academic research."First Monday19.1 (2013). Featherstone, Tony. "Creating opportunity."Company Director30.9 (2014): 18. Firth, Niall. "Crowdfunding successes show value of small donations." (2012): 22. Fitzpatrick, Jeff, et al.Business and corporations law. LexisNexis Butterworths, 2011. Fumagalli, Danielle C., and Arvin M. Gouw. "Focus: Personalized Medicine: Crowdfunding for Personalized Medicine Research."The Yale journal of biology and medicine88.4 (2015): 413. Juredieu, Franck, and Sbastien Mayoux. "Crowdfunding Legal Framework: An International Analysis?."International Perspectives on Crowdfunding: Positive, Normative and Critical Theory. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2016. 81-97. Khadem, N. "Crowdfunding in Australia a step closer."The Sydney Morning Herald(2014). Klaebe, Helen G., and Rebecca Laycock. "How to work the crowd: A snapshot of barriers and motivations to crowdfunding." (2012). Manzoor, Amir. "Crowdfunding for Non-Profits."Handbook of Research on Emerging Business Models and Managerial Strategies in the Nonprofit Sector(2017): 152. Royal, Carol, and G. Sampath S. Windsor. "Microfinance, crowdfunding, and sustainability: A case study of telecenters in a South Asian developing country."Strategic Change23.7-8 (2014): 425-438. Stanko, Michael A., and David H. Henard. "How crowdfunding influences innovation."MIT Sloan Management Review57.3 (2016): 15. Stumm, Tony. "The rebirth of crowd funding in Australia!."Governance Directions69.2 (2017): 96. Valanciene, Loreta, and Sima Jegeleviciute. "Valuation of crowdfunding: benefits and drawbacks."Economics and Management18.1 (2013): 39-48. Vitale, Matthew. "Crowdfunding: Recent international developments and analysis of its compatibility with Australia's existing regulatory framework." (2013). Weinstein, Ross S. "Crowdfunding in the US and Abroad: What to Expect When You're Expecting."Cornell Int'l LJ46 (2013): 427. [1] Paul Belleflamme, Thomas Lambert, and Armin Schwienbacher. "Crowdfunding: Tapping the right crowd."Journal of business venturing29.5 (2014): 585-609. [2] Helen G. Klaebe, and Rebecca Laycock. "How to work the crowd: A snapshot of barriers and motivations to crowdfunding." (2012). [3] Jeff Fitzpatrick, et al.Business and corporations law. LexisNexis Butterworths, 2011. [4] Carol Royal, and G. Sampath S. Windsor. "Microfinance, crowdfunding, and sustainability: A case study of telecenters in a South Asian developing country."Strategic Change23.7-8 (2014): 425-438. [5] Franck Juredieu, and Sbastien Mayoux. "Crowdfunding Legal Framework: An International Analysis?."International Perspectives on Crowdfunding: Positive, Normative and Critical Theory. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2016. 81-97. [6] Loreta Valanciene, and Sima Jegeleviciute. "Valuation of crowdfunding: benefits and drawbacks."Economics and Management18.1 (2013): 39-48. [7] Matthew Vitale. "Crowdfunding: Recent international developments and analysis of its compatibility with Australia's existing regulatory framework." (2013). [8] Rebecca English. "Rent-a-crowd? Crowdfunding academic research."First Monday19.1 (2013). [9] Toney Featherstone. "Creating opportunity."Company Director30.9 (2014): 18. [10] Danielle C. Fumagalli, and Arvin M. Gouw. "Focus: Personalized Medicine: Crowdfunding for Personalized Medicine Research."The Yale journal of biology and medicine88.4 (2015): 413. [11] Amir Manzoor. "Crowdfunding for Non-Profits."Handbook of Research on Emerging Business Models and Managerial Strategies in the Nonprofit Sector(2017): 152. [12] Michelle Eastwell, Jessica Dale, and Felicity Dunstone. "Crowd-sourced equity funding is coming to Australia."Governance Directions69.7 (2017): 411. [13] Tony Stumm. "The rebirth of crowd funding in Australia!."Governance Directions69.2 (2017): 96. [14] Ross S. Weinstein. "Crowdfunding in the US and Abroad: What to Expect When You're Expecting."Cornell Int'l LJ46 (2013): 427. [15] Niall Firth. "Crowdfunding successes show value of small donations." (2012): 22. [16] Michael A. Stanko, and David H. Henard. "How crowdfunding influences innovation."MIT Sloan Management Review57.3 (2016): 15. [17] N. Khadem. "Crowdfunding in Australia a step closer."The Sydney Morning Herald(2014).

How To Write A Dialectical Essay Essay Example

How To Write A Dialectical Essay Paper â€Å"How to write a dialectical essay?† is a typical question for all students. The focus of the dialectical essay lies in the presentation of opposite attitudes towards the certain issue and different understandings of a problem. It presupposes objecting technique as well brainstorming with the aim to discover various ideas related to the topic. The essence of this type of essay is controversial. Throughout the writing process, one denies the certain fact, presents disputable arguments. The aim of the writer lies in the discovery of the new objectives of a well-known issue. The nature of the paper is rather philosophical. This type of assignment requires profound preparation. Like any other type of essay, it has its distinctive features and peculiarities. To satisfy all the needs of the content, it is necessary to follow the next tips. Primarily, the author will face the need to conduct a kind of small research with the aim to discover new angles and perspective of a given issue. To deliver sense-loaded dialectical essay, one has to be competent in the topic and well familiar with it. This assignment demands from student approaching the issue using different objectives. The paper explores a complex of solutions instead of dwelling upon a singular one. The aim of the task to write a dialectical essay is simple. When the supervisor asks you to prepare this task, it means he wants to estimate the flexibility of your thinking as well as the skills of clarifying thoughts concerning a certain subject. An author of a dialectical paper has to discover both positive and negative aspects of the issue and provide for and against points of view concerning the main thesis. We will write a custom essay sample on How To Write A Dialectical Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How To Write A Dialectical Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How To Write A Dialectical Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The structural elements helping to write a dialectical essay There are the following constituents of the structure explaining how to write a dialectical essay. The dialectic essay should split into five paragraphs. Each abstract has its peculiarities. The introductory paragraph of the dialectic essay includes a thesis sentence. Your thesis statement nature should have two interpretations, meaning that it should be built in the way so that the author can approach it from two opposite angles. Further, in the paper one will have to supply the reader with the controversial points. The format of the intro should be short, and at the same time informative and catchy. In the regular essay, the main body consists of two-three paragraphs with the supporting or denying the main thesis argument. On the contrast, in a dialectic essay, the features differ. After the intro, the author writes the argument paragraph. Here the task is to present one argument, which supports the main thesis. You can provide the target audience with the number of reasons, why it is worth to support the main thesis. The next part is the objection paragraph. Here the task of the writer is to object the statements provided in the precious part of the essay. There is on the important nuance that the writer should be aware of. The objective section should not contain the sentences, the content of which denies the thesis or questions its correctness. It is possible to resent some reasons explaining why the thesis the introduction includes can be doubted. The third section of your essay’s body we call the response. In this part of the essay, the author responds to the statements from the objection section. You should specify it. Bear in mind the fact that you do not need to provide any new arguments. You have to demonstrate the critical approach. Tips on how to write a dialectical essay with the proper conclusion How to write a dialectical essay with the proper conclusion? The last segment of a dialectical essay structure is concluding part. Author has to approach this section of the essay seriously and responsibly. The task of the writer is to formulate the result of the debates, which he held throughout the whole composition. He has to decide which point of view is valid and deserves attention. There cases when the mixture of several points deserves to be right and credible. Moreover, a student has to present the proof that supports his position, sometimes even through the prism of opposing argumentation. In case, when the students change his point of view, he has to supply the target reader with the explanation. Author has to provide reasons and defend his position throughout the whole paper. As soon as you finish the essay, you have to read your composition, paying attention to the following things concerning the content. Primarily, the conclusion should support the thesis as well the argumentation section. The opposing arguments should not deny the main statement of the composition. However, they have to object the other arguments, which you provided in the dialectical essay. Bear in mind the fact that the nature of the essay is disputable and controversial. The main task of the student working on the assignment it to deliver plenty of ideas related to the particular topic. The next step is to arrange all the ideas in the way so that they will deny each other and create the illusion of dispute. The reader has to emerge in a sense and grasp the main idea. General suggestions and demands helping to write a dialectical essay To make your essay worth positive evaluation, you need to be aware of the main writing principles and peculiarities and stick to them. The dialectical paper is a type of essay, which approaches the question from two opposite angles. The conclusion implies the alternative point of view based on the data examined. The task of the writer is to seek for the contrasts, oppositions, and disputes. Then find the idea that combines all those pints and making it the central issue of the essay. While working on this paper, you have applied your dialectical thinking. The main task is to combine two opposite thoughts in one composition. The structural peculiarities of the essay allow mixing the controversial points of view and making your essay looking logically arranged and sense-loaded. Several techniques will assist you in the writing process. You can apply the pro and con collection grid. It will help you to arrange all the points correctly to avoid mixing the points of view in the essay. Moreover, you can use the brainstorming exercise in case you face the scarcity of ideas. With the help of it, you will compile a list of ideas, which will be applicable in the writing process. The format is also a significant criterion influencing the quality of the essay. It concerns the proper citing as well as the acceptable plagiarism rate and grammatical correctness. The average volume of the composition has to include 600-700 words. Facing the need to understand how to write a dialectical essay, do not panic. All you need to do is to be aware of the nature of this type of assignment, be familiar with the requirements of the structure and have flexible thinking. With the help of those success components, you will deliver a paper deserving the highest evaluation!

Why Leadership and Love for Learning Are Related

Why Leadership and Love for Learning Are Related Does Every Leader Need The Love For Learning? Its always hard to write things on leadership as you always keep thinking what would happen if people hate what you write? Could my article discourage them? Or can they misinterpret my ideas and use them to manipulate others? I know this will happen. But there will also be a great number of people who will be asking the question, trying to change something in their lives. This is what keeps me going. Effective Leadership Skills This is a touchy subject for me as we may spend hours arguing about what leader should look like but will never find the solution as it depends on the team, field, purpose, type of work involved, and so much more. Learning for leadership very often involves things like public speaking, project management, and critical thinking. But I would be lying if I didnt mention two qualities which I believe play the most crucial role and are important for almost any sphere or field: empathy and love for learning. Key Definitions Lets begin our article with some key definitions we may have to refer to in the process:leader (n) a person who willingly makes the choice of leading the team or group of people. They are not bosses, babysitters, or friends who will be there for you 24/7. learning (n) the continuous process of acquiring new skills, knowledge, and keeping things in perspective love (n) non-stopping affection for something or someone, similar to the basic need of the lasting presence of the object in your lifeSo you may have guessed we will be addressing the question of love for learning as a part of leadership character. It also important to remember that developing leadership character takes years of practice, devotion, and patience and its not something you can train during a weekend. What is the Love of Learning? Let me explain what is the love of learning is. Okay, first of all not all people who love learning are geeks. Learning is about finding something great about everything you deal with finding something important about it. So I would say that the love of learning incorporates next things:meaning and purpose of learning. You have to understand why this particular thing or subject is important to you and in what ways it can contribute to your learning opportunities vs. challenges. Are you capable of looking at troubles as challenges and converting challenges into opportunities? regular reflection. How often do you actually take time to evaluate where you are and feel good about yourself?So in other words, love for learning is a desire to turn problems into opportunities and learn from every single situation in your life. Easier said than done. Many people would do that if it was easy. How are Leader Learnings Different from Most People? I know I may be blamed for speculation here, but I have to warn you. Im talking about perfect circumstances and effective leadership skills, so this is a perfect cases scenario we are talking about. Most people think they have to learn from experts and leaders of industry only. While there is nothing bad about it, I have to say that great leaders can learn from everyone and everything taking ideas, beliefs, and insights from people in their lives. Most people learn only things theyve majored in or things in their fields. There is nothing bad about professional growth, but successful leader understands that studying across different fields brings the perspective and helps find a creative approach towards the most complex and complicated problems. Most people learn when they are forced to, meaning when they have to get the degree or want to earn promotion. A smart leader understands the need for life-long learning and can acquire skills before they actually need them. A key to effective leadership is the ability to is to inspire others to learn. Can that be developed or it is a natural feature? I sincerely believe that almost every trait humans have can be taught or trained, so the question remains: how to inspire the love for learning in people?Encourage personal interest: the better we relate to the certain subject, the easier it will be to find any sort of interest in it. Ask questions and let people ask questions by creating a safe environment and making sure people can open up. Inspire the growth of the mindset. People who are satisfied with what they are can be good people, but they will never actually achieve anything great. Develop your own love for growth. Inspiring others by showing your personal example is amazing, so pay attention and take care of your own love for learning.So you really can teach other people this quality, under one simple condition: you have to have it! Summary Good leaders learn. It is that simple and unbeatable at the same time. Leadership is a life-long commitment to learning and the best thing you could do is love what you have to do. What is much harder is learning to inspire others and share the love you have in order to ignite the spark in them. Among all aspects of leadership, love for learning can be the most contagious one yet it can be the most tricky to share with others.

Answer exam question1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Answer exam question1 - Essay Example It is a systematic approach, which entails various activities performed to get people’s performance to attain agency, group and individual goals, (Mitchell 2007, p.90). Staff appraisal is a strategy used to evaluate an employee’s job performance (based on job quantity, quality, cost and time) by the management. Staff appraisal is an aspect of guiding and career development management, and the process is used for obtaining, information recording and analyzing the relative value of a workers to the company. Staff performance appraisal analyzes the current achievements and limitations, individual limitations and strengths of an employees as well as qualification for additional training. Objectives and purposes in multinational organizations The main objective of performance management systems and staff appraisals is to connect the goals and strategies of an organization to personal and group performance to enhance effectiveness of an organization – increased product ivity and profitability. Multinational organizations require performance management systems to asses and ensure that their workforce is performing their duties as required in a satisfactory and efficient way that contributes to the overall organizational goals and target, (Aguinis, 2009, p.52). Performance is the actual test for marketplace survival, therefore, high performing workers contribute to excellent performance, giving the organization a competitive advantage – and their additional effort distinguishes exceptional organization from others organizations. Effective performance system encourages teamwork, effective communication and collaboration among employees, which is crucial for multinational organization to survive in competing market place. It is critical for companies to have the system in place to define, appreciate, rewards and maintain their best performers to attain sustainable growth as a survival mechanism. Appraisal performance, on the other hand, aims to enhance worker’s job performance by defining the limitations and strengths and creating channels of utilizing these strengths within the company and overcoming the weaknesses. How applicable are these techniques to non-western societies? The general inadequacy of management skills and expertise hinders complex structures development like systems of performance management in non-western societies. They thus focus on introducing and imitating systems and tools from western societies that are not applicable and suitable for local situations, (Harzing and Ruysseveldt, 1995, p.85). This poses a question of whether modern techniques such as performance management systems and staff appraisal are applicable for non-western societies. Yes, these techniques are applicable to non-western societies because poor management practices, inefficiencies in bureaucratic systems and reduced productivity force managers to adopt rapid and ready to implement western techniques. These techniques ar e crucial to non-western societies encourages teamwork, effective communication and collaboration among employees which is crucial for their survival in competing marketplace, (Mendenhall and ODdou, 2000, p.20). Performance management systems and staff appraisals is required to connect the goals and strategies of an non-western societies to personal and group performance to enhance effectiveness of the organizations. Conclusion The approach of performance ma

Local Health Departments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Local Health Departments - Essay Example They are departments, which screen and treat sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in rural communities (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2011). Indeed, local health departments carry out immunization clinics, disease surveillance, health screenings, offer pre-natal care, dental health promotion activities, and participate in environmental health programs (Ohio Department of Health, 2012). Notably, Local health departments play a significant role in promoting public health services in Connecticut County in America. Some of the community partners or stakeholders that are central in Connecticut public health system include St. Vincent’s Health Partners, which is an independent physician-hospital organization that seeks to address the health of high-risk populations in this community. We also have the United Cerebral Palsy Association of S.E. Connecticut, Connecticut Main Street Center, Alliance for Living, and Lawrence & Memorial Hospital (Connecticut College, 2013). Connecticut College. (2013). Working with Community Health Partners. Retrieved from: http://www.conncoll.edu/offices/office-of-volunteers-for-community-service/what-we-do/student-run-programs/pre-health-program/working-with-community-health-partners/ National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2011). The role of local health departments in providing sexually transmitted disease services and surveillance in rural communities. Retrieved from:

Outline marketing plan for the next year for Atlantic Quench 02133 Essay - 1

Outline marketing plan for the next year for Atlantic Quench 02133 - Essay Example The main competitors and their product mix are also analyzed. This is followed by an in depth analysis of the company in terms of the 4ps, SWOT, PESTEL of external environment of the company. This is followed by a strategic analysis of the company and designing objectives of the company derived from SWOT. After performing these, future marketing strategy of the company is designed. Market analysis and past performance evaluation plays an important role in determining the future strategies of a company. The current paper is an effort towards understanding the market conditions existing in the fruit juice sector in the U.K, the U.S and globally so that suitable marketing strategies can be formulated for Atlantic Quench Cranberry for the coming year. The paper takes into consideration vivid description of the fruit juice industry. Accordingly suitable strategies are laid down which can facilitate the firm to grow in the coming years. The beverage sector is subject to frequent changes and therefore it becomes essential to frequently analyse the trends and accordingly adopt changes. PEST analysis is a useful tool for understanding the conditions existing in the external environment. Changes in external environmental conditions such as political, economical, social and technical may either cause organizations to grow or lead to losing their market strength. For such reasons, PEST analysis is a widely used system by organizations across the globe for strategic evaluation. The political framework existing in the nations of U.K and the U.S are quite stable and supportive towards growth. However the governments of both the nations are seen to impose immense tax burdens, especially post the financial crisis times. This has restricted the economic spending of the people in general. Interest rates have also increased on loans provided to organizations. This may impact the growth related activities for Atlantic Quench. The company may be required to depend upon internal

Environmental impact

Environmental impact Environmental impact assessment is a tool used in identifying and evaluating the environmental effects that are likely to arise from a major proposed project (Morris Therivel, 2009). The purpose of EIA is to supply or aid decision makers in making appropriate decision regarding the environmental impact of proposed projects. In order words, its aim is to provide decision makers such as the Local Authority a systematic examination of the environmental implications of a proposed action and sometimes alternatives before a decision is taken (Jay et al, 2007). Also, environmental impact assessment aim, in the United Kingdom, is to assist in the formulation of development actions and it is an instrument for providing sustainable development (Jay et al, 2007). This essay is a critical review of the process of environmental impact assessment in the UK. Environmental Impact Assessment has been implemented in the UK since the 1980s through secondary legislation involving regulations and guidance, the most important being the Town and Country Planning (Assessment of Environmental Effects) Regulations 1988 (Statutory Instrument 1199, DoE, 1989), which constitutes the principal means of implementation of Directive 85/337/EC (Piper, 2001). Under these regulations, Environmental Impact Assessment is carried out at local level, within the planning system, where the Local Planning Authority (LPA) is the competent authority playing the central institutional role (Piper, 2001). Currently, Town and Country Planning (Assessment of Environmental Effects) Regulations 1988 has been replaced by Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations 1999 (Amended) (Salvador, Glasson, Piper, 2000). The process of environmental impact assessment in the United Kingdom involves various stages such as screening of projects, scoping, establishing environmental baseline, impact identification, impact prediction, evaluation and mitigation, participation, presentation and review, monitoring and auditing after review (Morris Therivel, 2009). The people involved in the process of environmental impact assessment in the UK are the Local Authorities which are the planning department, the property developers, statutory consultees, central government, non statutory consultees and the public(Morris Therivel, 2009). First stage of environmental impact assessment is the screening of projects; it seeks to focus on projects with potentially significant adverse environmental impact (Glasson et al, 2005). The next step after the screening of project is the scoping process. Scoping is the process of identifying and assigning priority to the issues associated with a project for the purpose of focusing the impact assessment to be conducted. In summary, scoping is a process that determines what significant issues the nature and extent of ecological data to be collected and assessed (reference it). Establishing environmental baseline; this process includes both the present and likelihood future state of the environment assuming that the project is not undertaken, taking into account changes resulting from natural events and from other human activities (reference). Impact identification brings together project characterization and baseline environmental aim of ensuring that all potentially significant envi ronmental impacts are identified and taken into account (reference). Impact prediction, evaluation and mitigation is the heart of environmental impact assessment, its objective is to provide the basis for assessing significance, assess the relative impact of the significance and to put measures to avoid, reduce and if possible remedy significant adverse effect (reference). The next process is the participation, presentation and review of environmental statement; it is aimed at providing information about a proposals likely environmental impacts to the developer, the public and decision makers so that a better decision is made (reference). Since the introduction of environmental impact assessment in the United Kingdom, there have been great achievements towards reducing the environmental effects of projects but there are still arguments regarding the way environmental impact assessment process in the UK is practised. Weston (2000) was of the view that screening process of EIA in the UK is not clearly defined. According to Weston, the UKs 1988 environmental impact assessment procedures established a threshold approach to determine whether a development project should be subject to environmental impact assessment. Firstly, there is a Schedule I to the Regulations which lists all those projects which are above set thresholds and are of regional or wider importance and for which EIA is mandatory in all cases and secondly, there is a Schedule II list which sets out all those projects which only require an EIA to be carried out where there are likely to be significant environmental effects and where the Local Planning Authority have deemed it necessary for the developer to submit an Environmental Statement with their planning application. However, Weston (2000) argued that the term Significant is rarely defined in the context of the UKs legal system and its use has caused problems. The next step after the screening of project is the scoping process. Portman (2009) stated that scoping is frequently viewed as the most important stage in determining the quality of the assessment of EIA, but it has also been identified as EIA most problematic phase and has been under researched. Currently, scoping process in environmental impact assessment is not a legally mandated process in United Kingdom (Morris Therivel, 2009). Some inefficiency of scoping process has been identified by researches conducted on scoping activities in the UK. According to Glasson (1999), environmental impact assessment scoping process is supposed to include various actors such as the developers, the general public and the regulators at various levels of government, but in the UK, scoping process is too developer oriented, thereby limiting the role given to the public. Glasson was of the view that developers are unlikely to predict that the project they are proposing to develop might be an environ mental disaster since they are more concerned about saving cost. Studies carried out on the limitations of public participation on scoping exercise in the UK, showed that poor provision of basic information of a proposed project to the public by the developers was a barrier to effective public participation in decision making (Wood Hartley, 2005), United Kingdom Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation was also blamed for the cause of ineffective public participation in scoping exercise. For instance, in a complex waste project, UK EIA regulation requires a period of 21 days for public comment, which according to Wood and Hartly is perceived to be too short to allow the public participate effectively (Wood Hartley, 2005). Results of investigation carried out by Wood, Glasson and Becker on the assessment of scoping activities in England and Wales, showed that the Local Planning Authorities (LPAs) which are the authorities with power of regulation are often under resourced and lac king in experience of environmental impact assessment activities (Wood, Glasson Becker, 2005). The results of the investigation showed that it is a particular case for non metropolitan district councils which receive very few request for scoping opinions each year. Wood, Glasson and Becker (2005) concluded that the lack of developers consultation with competent authorities and the general public is the principal limitation to effective EIA in the UK. Environmental Impact Statement presentation and review is a vital step in the process of EIA in the UK and if done badly, may result in negating of the good work (Glasson, Therivel Chadwick, 2005). A review of environmental impact statements produced for a variety of development type in Britain from the period of 1988-1993 demonstrated that there are number of shortcomings in the assessment of ecological impacts for EIA. The results showed that most environmental impact statement did not comply with EC directive (85/337), which clearly states a requirement to consider impacts on the flora and fauna associated with proposed development (Thompson, Treweek Thurling, 1997). According to the review of environmental impact statements in the British forest sector from 1988-1998, the results showed that the standard was generally poor and the environmental impact statement presented limited useful additional information to decision makers. A fundamental recurrent issue was the failure to a dequately scope assessments, leading to unfocused baseline data collection, inadequate identification of impact, and inadequate determination of impact significance (Gray Edward-Jones, 2003).

An Apology From Socrates :: Philosophy

The Apology is Socrates' defense at his trial. As the dialogue begins, Socrates notes that his accusers have cautioned the jury against Socrates' eloquence, according to Socrates, the difference between him and his accusers is that Socrates speaks the truth. Socrates distinguished two groups of accusers: the earlier and the later accusers. The earlier group is the hardest to defend against, since they do not appear in court. He is all so accused of being a Sophist: that he is a teacher and takes money for his teaching. He attempts to explain why he has attracted such a reputation. The oracle was asked if anyone was wiser than Socrates was. The answer was no, there was no man wiser. Socrates cannot believe this oracle, so he sets out to disprove it by finding someone who is wiser. He goes to a politician, who is thought wise by him self and others. Socrates does not think this man to be wise and tells him so. As a consequence, the politician hated Socrates, as did others who heard the questioning. "I am better off, because while he knows nothing but thinks that he knows, I neither know nor think that I know" (Socrates). He questioned politicians, poets, and artisans. He finds that the poets do not write from wisdom, but by genius and inspiration. Meletus charges Socrates with being "a doer of evil, and corrupter of the youth, and he does not believe in the gods of the State, and has other new divinities of his own." In his examination of Meletus, Socrates makes three main points: 1) Meletus has accused Socrates of being the only corrupter, while everyone else improves the youth. Socrates then uses an analogy: a horse trainer is to horses as an improver is to the youth. The point is that there is only one improver, not many. 2) If Socrates corrupts the youth, either it is intentional or unintentional. No one would corrupt his neighbor intentionally, because he would harm himself in the process. If the corruption was unintentional, then the court is not the place to resolve the problem. The other possibility is that he does not corrupt them at all. 3) In frustration, Meletus accuses Socrates of being "a complete atheist," at the same time he claims Socrates teaches new gods. Thus, Meletus contradicts himself. Socrates argues that fear of death is foolish, because it is not known if death is a good or an evil, thus there is no reason to fear death.

A World Without Chemistry Essay

A world without chemmistry would be simply disastrous. We would have no phones, no lightbulbs, no social networking! Almost everything we use in our daily lifes depends on chemistry to exist, from the food we eat to the clothes on our backs. If we had never studied chemistry we wouldn’t have liquid oxygen. This was developed in the 1800s and is now probably best-known for its role as rocket fuel. Without rockets the space race wouldn’t have happened, or all the everyday things that we got from programmes related to it – from satellite TV to the internet. Chemistry has been called ‘the central science’ because of its role and influence on all of the sciences. It involves the study of the basic units of matter, and without that knowledge other sciences such as physics and biology would not have been particularly successful. Before a world of modern chemistry, humans had very limited ways of preserving foods. It would be very hard to find clean water nowadays if it weren’t for chemistry. Deadly waterborne diseases such as cholera, dysentery and typhoid would be very common. Without chemistry, we would not be able to understand the composition of food. We would not be able to tell what foods are good for us and what foods are bad. We would not be able to estimate the shelf life of foods. We also wouldn’t know how to how to nourish our body with food that would protect us from illnesses such as rickets, osteoporosis and scurvy. Chemistry has enabled us to make up for the nutrients we miss out on, with important vitamins and minerals in capsule form, and fortified breakfast cereals. Without chemistry we would not have modern medicine. Disease and illness would be spreading like wildfire! When modern chemistry began to take off, by the 17th century, the average life expectancy was only 35 years. Advancements in chemistry was able to change that. Nowadays, the life expectancy in Ireland is 80. 32 years. Without modern chemistry we would not have been able to achieve such a high age of life expectancy. Without chemistry, penicillin would never have existed, and minor cuts and grazes and low-grade viruses would often progress to serious illness and fatal septicaemia (blood poisoning). Without chemistry we wouldn’t have salicylic acid! That’s the chemical name for aspirin, the cheap wonder-drug which has given us relief from headaches and fever as well as helping to prevent strokes and heart attacks. And what would us poor, pimply teenagers do without this wonderous chemical to fight all our spots? All I can say is, THANK YOU CHEMISTRY! Chemistry plays a big role in every aspect of our lives. It has allowed other sciences to blossom and has expanded our collective knowledge. We understand how the tiniest components of the human body work and can predict the composition of planets millions of miles away.

How to Get a Job with a Liberal Arts Degree

How to Get a Job with a Liberal Arts Degree Are you sick of people laughing when you tell them you’re majoring in Sociology or Spanish Literature? â€Å"Oh, ha, good luck finding a  job,† they say, or â€Å"I guess you want to teach, right?† That way of thinking is outmoded, and there’s no need to turn up your nose at a liberal arts degree. You just need to approach it smartly.  Check out the following graphic  that details all you need to know about following your heart when selecting a college major, where it can lead you, and how to find your perfect job even with a liberal arts degree.

Community Service Project Essays

Community Service Project Essays Community Service Project Essay Community Service Project Essay (a) What does community service/volunteerism mean to you? * I define volunteerism as a service performed for the benefit of others with little or no benefit to the person carrying out the service. One may volunteer for many reasons but these should not include expecting to receive an income or publicity for work being done. One benefit that a volunteer may have however is growing their knowledge base about the activity in which they are participating. One should think about the ways which they can make their community a better place to live for themselves and everyone else. It’s really not that hard, carrying out simple actions like helping an elderly person to cross the road or donating your unworn clothes to persons who have a greater need for it can be classified as volunteerism. (b) Which two of the four goals of Vision 2030 do you think is most closely linked to community service/volunteerism? Why? * Of the four goals of Vision 2030, I think that the first goal- â€Å"Jamaicans are empowered to achieve their fullest potential† and the fourth goal- â€Å"Jamaica has a natural healthy environment† would be the two most closely linked to volunteerism. Through personal empowerment, volunteers may seek to realize their full potential by conveying to themselves tasks which will benefit them as well as the society in which they live. Volunteers may seek to assist persons with additional training they may need as well as school projects. This is done in effort to bring forth well rounded individuals. The final goal of Vision 2030 states that Jamaica has a natural and healthy environment. Volunteers can help Jamaica to achieve this by cleaning up their environment and various communities. By doing so, they will have helped to create healthy and comfortable surroundings for all citizens. c) Select one of the two goals discussed in (b) and suggest ways you can contribute to achieving this goal through your community service. * I believe that I can help to carry out goal four of Vision 2030. The Bible (NIV) says in 1st Peter 4:10 â€Å"Each of you should use whatever gift you have received to serve others, as faithful stewards of God†™s grace in its various forms† and so I believe that each and every one of us were made stewards of this Earth and that it is our responsibility to take care of the environment and all things in it. Stewardship aids in the development of society and so I will take it upon myself to volunteer at Hope Zoo Preservation so I can develop better work ethics, make good use of my free time as well as help the organization to return to its former glory. This includes participating in cleanup activities, carrying out administrative tasks and doing everything else in my power to facilitate smooth operation so that visitors will always remember Hope Zoo not just as a commodity but as an experience. Lecturer’s Signature________________________ Submission Date___________________________ Reflection Piece #2 a. Identify your agency and briefly discuss the history, goals and objectives of the agency. * The organization that I have been contributing to for a greater cause is Hope Zoo which is located on Old Hope Road, Kgn 6 in St. Andrew, Jamaica. The institution, a section of the Hope Botanical Gardens and Zoo was originally a part of Hope Estate which was owned and operated by Richard Hope- a former commander in the British army- who had been gifted the estate in return for helping Britain take control of Jamaica. What we now know as Hope Botanical Gardens and Zoo is the largest in the Caribbean and is just 200 acres of the estate which was bought by the Government to establish an experimental garden for foreign species in the late nineteenth century. One very important moment in the history of Hope Gardens is Queen Elizabeth II’s visit in 1953. Hope Zoo has been undergoing some major restoration changes over the years and in 2005, the Nature Preservation Foundation (NPF) took charge. The NPF intends to â€Å"develop and manage Hope Zoo and the Royal Botanic Gardens as a sustainable facility for environmental education, applied research, recreation, wildlife and flora conservation for Jamaica and the region; and to position the facility as part of the Tourism Product. † b. Bearing the Vision 2030 goal you selected in reflection 1 in mind, identify a set of objectives you aim to fulfill in your assignment at the agency. * I chose the fourth goal of Vision 2030- â€Å"Jamaica has a natural healthy environment†. The objectives I aim to fulfill in my assignment at Hope Zoo include: participating in cleanup activities so that the staff, guests as well as animals can benefit from existing in a clean environment; carrying out administrative tasks in an attempt to lessen the work load of the administrative department as well as being readily available to any visitor who may have questions or need help with something in an attempt to facilitate smooth operation. c. Discuss the specific steps you will take to accomplish these objectives. In order to accomplish these objectives, I will ensure my early arrival to the institution each time I am on duty and immediately report to my supervisor for a list of my duties for the day. I will then proceed to complete my tasks which will revolve around the objectives mentioned above as well as observing my surroundings to see what else needs to be done and how I can make a contribution. These steps will be completed in an effort to make Hope Zoo a better place and in agreement with Vision 2030: Jamaica. Lecturer’s Signature________________________ Submission Date___________________________ Reflection Piece #3 a. Identify some of the problems/issues you experienced during your placement. * This has been a very good experience, however I did not particularly appreciate being harassed by a particular zoo keeper on more than one occasions during my forty hours of service. b. To what extent did problems you encountered/witnessed in your placement reflect problems prevalent in the wider Jamaican society? Being troubled or provoked by persons in the workplace causes discomfort and disagreement. This is mostly done out of envy or jealousy. One worker may do it to get another worker angry enough to react violently, no doubt getting into problems with the manager and possibly losing his/her job. Either way, victims of this are often not very happy with their jobs and so productivity levels tend to decrease. There may also be a lack of interest in completing tasks efficiently as workers would have lost focus. c. What impact do you think these problems will have on our ability to achieve the goals laid out in Vision 2030? * I believe that provocation between workers will have an impact on the country’s ability to achieve goal one -â€Å"Jamaicans are empowered to reach their fullest potential† and goal 3 -â€Å"Jamaica’s economy is prosperous†. Jamaicans will not have reached their fullest potential by 2030 if there is constant workplace harassment or violence as this would have caused their interest and determination levels to decrease. If a worker’s determination and desire to carry out his/her duties effectively decreases, productivity levels will also decrease and so Jamaica’s economy will not be as prosperous we want it to be by 2030. d. What solution did you employ to address the problem? * I addressed the problem by having a private chat with the person about my issue as well as possible implications of workplace harassment on the business itself. I made sure he understood my position and we came to a truce. I can honestly say this worked wonders as up until this point we have not had another conflict. Lecturer’s Signature: Submission Date: ____________________

Discussion question Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Discussion question - Coursework Example The company strategy of EADS has the best shot at success for the sake of the company business as well as for the mass of people who travel by planes. The EADS strategy merely involves the creation of bigger planes so as to carry many enough passengers and for longer distances. Its latest creation can transport up to 418 passengers. This in my opinion is a functioning strategy as planes can always be made bigger and bigger with increased demand. In contrast, the Boeing Company’s strategy involves creating plane models that are relatively smaller, but faster and cheaper. The strategy would be excellent and economical for several passengers; however in terms of plain business, this plan could indeed be the company’s downfall. It is not as easy to create bigger and bigger planes as it would be to create smaller, faster, and cheaper ones. The strategy of the Boeing Company is one that can be easily taken up by several competitors and perhaps with a slight edge. This could ultimately lead to the business’ downfall in the long

Gender in TFA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gender in TFA - Research Paper Example His father’s lack of courage and financial insecurity stirs his obsession for masculinity and he is motivated to become a chivalrous warrior and a man of great wealth, who could provide everything his family needs. Thus, Okonkwo’s character thrives on the notion of filling a vacuum in the realms of masculinity that his father so cowardly left. On the other hand, he remains concerned about his son Nwoye of 12 years of age, whom he perceives as lazy. This causes the anguish in Okonkwo that his son will grow up to become an ‘efukfu’, a worthless loser like his father. Consequent to a settlement, Okonkwo acquires a virgin and a 15 year old boy named Ikemefuna as reward from another tribe and he envisions an ideal son in the latter. However, despite his love for Ikemefuna, he kills him just to save himself from appearing weak in front of others. Thus, through each thread in the fabric of TFA’s plot, Achebe emphasizes Okonkwo’s yearning for recognit ion as a manly hero in the patriarchal society that values masculinity as the most honored trait. Right from the beginning of the story, Achebe illustrates the significance of masculinity in the Umuofian society by referring to the fact that at the age of 18, Okonkwo has earned honor in the village by winning a wrestling contest with ‘Amalinze the Cat’ who has been the unbeaten champion for over seven years. Even while describing the fight, the author strives to accentuate the masculinity of both warriors by showing how every vein and â€Å"every muscle† on their arms, back and thighs stands out (Achebe Ch.1). Thus, the audience receives a clear idea of the pivotal role of masculinity in the Nigerian culture and how male characters in the story cherish the notion of manliness. On the other hand, Achebe also distinctly depicts the motivation of the male protagonist by orienting the readers about his father’s lack of masculinity by portraying Unoka,

Philosphy 103 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Philosphy 103 - Essay Example In his work entitled â€Å"The Ethics of Belief†, Clifford highlighted two core reasons he felt beliefs are not just peoples’ private business (Kessler, p. 324). This stance on beliefs courted as many enemies and friends for Clifford as people opposed and supported his notions in equal measure. â€Å"The Ethics of Belief† sought to emphasize the principles of his feelings about beliefs. However, the central issues in this essay, like in most other essays he wrote on belief, was to show that it is wrong for a person to accept or believe in or about things without supporting and considerable evidences (Kessler, p. 324). In fact, it is Clifford’s notions and principles, which are considered the principles on which modern scientific reasoning is based. The main reason Clifford asserts that beliefs are not personal businesses is the fact that one’s beliefs affect others in society. ... The other strong argument fronted by Clifford is that believing things on poor or flimsy grounds makes a person and society vulnerable to believe in falsehood, which may then be transferred to the larger family or society (Kessler, p. 324). On the contrary, in 1896, William James conducted a lecture entitled â€Å"The Will to Believe†. In essence, this lecture sought to counter Clifford’s assertion that beliefs should be based on significant evidences. That is, James felt that beliefs need not be based on prior evidences of truth (Kessler, p. 324). The lecture by James is largely regarded as being defensive of religious faith, which is often seen to lack evidence of truth. The central argument in this lecture was that the initial adoption of beliefs should form the basis of accessing truth and ascertaining whether evidences exist for the beliefs in question (Kessler, p. 324). For instance, according to James, one may believe in his ability to execute a given task, if su ch a task requires one to be confident. In fact, James opines that even scientific inquiries are based on first believing that something exists without first having significant evidence. Thus, for James, like one may believe in his or her ability to accomplish a task, religious belief may be rational if a person initially lacks evidence of the truth of the belief (Kessler, p. 324). However, James’ theory gives room for situations in which it is not entirely clear whether one is likely to lose or gain truth. That is, by not making up one’s mind, one may save himself or herself by throwing away the chance of gaining the truth about a belief (Kessler, p. 324). These scenarios are those in which one is not often forced to choose between believing falsehood and truth

Luxury Good and Burberry Essay Example for Free

Luxury Good and Burberry Essay 3. 2. 1Brand Equity Earning the royal seal of approval and outfitting the Royal Army placed Burberry on the map as â€Å"the original British luxury brand† but somewhere along the line, it became the raincoat brand known more for outfitting stuffy elder statesmen than the cloth of choice for the glamorous rich and famous. Burberry revamped its brand image, hiring new designers who took the signature plaid from raincoats to bikinis. Recent ads featuring British fashion icons like Kate Moss and Stella Tennant embody the essence of the new Burberry, depicting a modern edginess merged with a classic British elitism. Though they faced alienating loyal customers, Burberry balanced innovation with tradition to create an authentic, yet altogether more contemporary luxury offering. Since its reinvention, Burberrys equity has only increased, both in awareness and in meaning, that meaning now being relevant to a much broader audience. 3. 2. 2Brand Position Burberry under Bravo repositioned as a distinctive luxury brand with a clear corporate strategy aiming to broaden its appeal to new customers while retaining its traditional clientele. The reposition included †¢A highly distinctive advertising campaign. †¢A change of name from Burberrys to Burberry †¢A strong in house design team and the launch of Prorsum †¢Closure of unprofitable and non-core retail stores in Europe †¢Opening a new flagship store in London- New Bond street †¢Elimination of inappropriate wholesale accounts including the termination of distribution to known parallel traders; †¢Upgrading of the international Burberry London product range, including the restructuring of its sourcing and pricing, and the elimination of unnecessary product variation. 3. 2. 3Competition Burberry competitors are primarily in the Apparel Accessories Retail industry. Burberry also competes in the Cosmetics, Beauty Supply Perfume Retail, and Apparel sectors. Challenges facing Burberry today include increasing competition in the luxury goods sector. Companies such as Barbour are making progress in areas dominant by Burberry. As time continues the new companies of today are becoming brands of tomorrow and the luxury market is becoming highly competitive. Principal Competitors: In competition with Burberry there are a lot of companies like House of Fraser plc; Polo Ralph Lauren Corporation, Coach, Gucci. Burberry is wedged between lifestyle represented by Ralph Lauren and fashion represented by Gucci. Burrberry has effectively addressed competition by placing itself carefully so as to avoid direct competition but complicating the issue was the fact that burberry’s brand positioning placed it in indirect competition with both lifestyle brands and fashion brands. 3. 2. 4integrated market channels People use different channels for different reasons. Internet users bought products from a retailer’s offline store after viewing them on the seller’s Website. † Additionally, experience shows that television support for a direct marketing campaign can improve direct marketing response rates significantly. Each channel influences the others. Burberry operates e-commerce and other channels in the United States and across 26 European countries. Multiple channels converge into a unified user experience, if channels fail to offer a unified voice, look, and feel, Burberry may disappoint or frustrate customers. A multichannel user expects an integrated experience across all touch points with a brand or information source, and delivering on this expectation is the challenge for Burberry. This situation is more complicated by the presence of Burberry all around the globe. Till now Burberry effectively addressed integrated market channels. 3. 2. 5Price strategy Prices had been raised to reflect the Burberry’s new brand positioning. Serving a niche market sandwiched between labels like Polo Ralph Lauren and Giorgio Armani in apparels, and between Coach and Gucci in accessories. Burberry offered lower-priced labels for younger and fashion-conscious customer. At high end, Burberry offered the label Prorsum as a way to reinforce Burberrys positioning in the luxury brand. 3. 2. 6Retailing Burberry’s retail distribution is through DOS (comprising flagship and regular price stores), concession, designer outlets and factory shops. The flagship store are important since they act as a showcase for the brand creating a sense of theater through Burberry can promote a lifestyle and its product ranges . The store are also used to trial new products and concepts, and they carry exclusive lines. Burberry flagship stores are normally require upwards of 10,000 square feet of space and are specifically located in exclusive areas of key cities around the world like London, Tokyo , Barcelona , new York etc. A part of its repositioning a number of stores were closed , renovated or relocated according to image and performance. Burberry continues to move from a relatively static, traditional, wholesale structure to a more dynamic, retail culture and mindset. Burberry became more consumer-centric, responsive organization. This move positively impacted on directly operated stores, franchise partners, wholesale customers and licensing partners worldwide. 3. 2. 7Wholesaling The Wholesale channel includes independent retailers. The wholesale customer include leading department stores and specialty store , including duty free retailers and free standing Burberry store operated by wholesale customers. Burberry selects wholesale customer on the basis of reputation and market positioning. It also works with wholesale customers on a store by store basis to ensure the right product mix. Burberry effectively came out of parallel trading and deteriorated quality in wholesaling under the leadership of Bravo. 3. 2. 8Logistics Through concentration on operational activities, such as replenishment, planning, merchandising, fixturing and visual, Burberry continues to drive store productivity. In addition, Burberry has developed and piloted a sales and service programme which will be implemented globally in retail stores. 3. 2. 9Advertising Burberry believes that its active marketing and management of the brand has been critical to its success. Marketing initiative like advertising and fashion shows and editorial placements are intended to generate editorial coverage and achieve a high profile and consistent visibility in in domestic and international markets. The advertising has articulate the brand values through innovative visuals that have helped formulate a merchandise strategy and provided inspiration for what Burberry could stand for in a contemporary market. In common with most luxury brands where average advertising spend is as high as 10 percentage of sale, Burberry sees advertising as key in strengthening its brand and image. In 1998 the company began its successful advertising strategy to re-launch and reposition its brand. It hired advertising agency Baron Baron and celebrity photographer Mario Testino, whose work had appeared in Vogue, The face, and Vanity Fair, using model Kate moss and Stella Tennant, among others, to inject contemporary sophistication and excitement into what had become a tired traditional brand. Mario Testino helped to visualize the brand. Kate moss has arguably been the most high profile face associated with the campaign, although other celebrities have been involved in the publicity. The powerful black and white images of Moss in bikini were key in capturing the attention and imagination of public. 3. 2. 10Direct marketing Burberry uses the following direct marketing channels. 1. Burberry collects certain personal information from customer for example, name, postal address, phone numbers, e-mail addresses. They use this information to manage customer’s account with them and to provide you with information about our products. Burberry sometimes ask for other details, for example product size and category preferences, age and any special dates (such as birthday and anniversary) which will be used to enhance our service. 2. Email updates and news on Burberry collections and on-line exclusives 3. Wishlist creation for Burberry products. Burberry is effectively utilizing above channales but they can expand more in this are using catalogue, telemarketing and directTV. 3. 2. 11Product strategy From a simple raincoat to a global brand, Burberry has become one of the worlds most successful luxury brands today for men, women, and children, encompassing not only outerwear, but clothing, fragrances, accessories and items for the home. Today Burberry has become an icon. It is a brand with a distinctive British sensibility, strong international recognition and differentiating brand values that resonate across a multi-generational and dual-gender audience. Burberry revitalized its brand by developing the long term effective product strategy. The steps Burberry took to revitalize itself are †¢Consistent projection of Burberrys distinctive luxury message across all mediums is a core objective. †¢Celebrity Endorsement †¢Effective Advertising †¢More Selective Distribution †¢Placement of Advertisement in Exclusive Channels e. g. Fashion show †¢Market penetration and invest in product development †¢Flow frequency: Increasing the frequency of flow of new products to Burberry’s stores. †¢Replenishment: Developing a more extensive and responsive replenishment programme in all product divisions, while evolving in-store visual merchandising and processes to support. †¢Continue to represent British culture, history and tradition 3. 2. 12International marketing Asia represents significant growth opportunities for Burberry as it does for other luxary brands. Japan is the Burberry’s most advance consumer market in asia and its initial point of entry into the region having been there operating there since 1920 brands. The core Burberry men’s and women’s lines have been extended to more fashion forward youth oriented collections – Blue label for women and Black Label for men – both aimed at the under-25 age group. This group has proved particularly receptive to the Prorsum international runway collection. Outside the japan, Burberry has consolidated its distribution in Hong Kong, Singapore and korea. It has new childrens wear business in korea, has opened new prestige stores in hong-kong and undertaken new market initiatives in Singapore Upgrading store image. The Group continues to renovate high profile locations worldwide with a brighter, modern aesthetic and more efficient and productive design concept. In 2008/09, Burberry achieved a 50% increase in revenue from key emerging economies including China, the Middle East, Russia and India. These markets now contribute 9% of sales, up from 6% in 2007/08. Historically, Burberry has operated in these markets through local partners who possess the specific knowledge and resources required to develop the brand in their respective regions. In September 2008, Burberry entered a joint venture with its main partner in the Middle East to manage retail and wholesale operations in certain key markets. Since inception, Burberry Middle East has opened four stores, including two standalone childrenswear stores. Burberry continues to open stores with franchise partners in other markets, with a net eight stores opening last year, including a net two in China and the first significant stores in India.

EasyJet E-Marketing Strategies Analysis

EasyJet E-Marketing Strategies Analysis This technical report has been order to clarify the e-marketing strategies implemented by the EasyJet airline to gain competitive advantages over its rivals in the marketing for low cost aviation. Situation analysis present position and industry of EasyJet by use SWOT and PEST model. This report was looked at the various strategies used by EasyJet and researched in depth the European budget airline industry. The main objective was study EasyJets successful e-marketing campaigns. Chapter 2 Introduction Since 1995, EasyJet Airline Company Limited is a great and successful example of a European airline. The chairman Stelios Haji-loannou (Greek) founded the company this year. It is based on the US carrier SouthWest, and is low cost, no-frills model. Stelios hired an expensive brand consultancy and offered them  £100,000 to come up with one. A month later, the consultants turned up at EasyLand with magazine clippings attached to pieces of cardboard. Unimpressed by their efforts, Stelios promptly fired them. In the end, he came up with the airlines name himself. The word easy kept on coming into his head, so he decided to christen the airline EasyJet. For the company logo he went to a small local design consultancy, White Knight, which gave the airline its famous shade of orange, know as Pantone 021C, used by no other airline at the time or since. The design consultancy then created a simple set of graphics for the airlines first advertising campaign. In 1995, EasyJet starts fights from Luton to Glasgow and Edinburgh with to leased Boeing 737-300 with a capacity of 148 seats at a price of only  £29 for one way ticket. Glasgow and Edinburgh are the first routes. The logic was simple: southern Scotland was the biggest domestic market from London for which air was a sensible alternative to road or rail. The airline opened a telephone reservations centre and took its first booking on 23 October 1995. The phone at the EasyJet telephone reservation centre started ringing and never stopped. They were in business. Two years later, EasyJet launches its website, easyjet.com. Web bookings grew from zero to 26 per cent of business within a year. On the first day of trading during one promotion, 13,000 seats were sold, believed to be a record for the most commercial transactions carried out on the internet in 24 hour period. By mid-1999, when its internet sales represented 58 per cent of the total, EasyJet because the first airline to make more sales on the internet than through normal telephone reservations. In March 2000, EasyJet reached two million sears, and it took only another three months to reach the three million mark. By 2001, online bookings regularly reached 80 per cent, the highest proportion of online sales for any airline in the world. In financial view, EasyJet plc was listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE: EZJ) and was a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index on 5th November 2000. In October 2004, the international investment company FL Group was purchased an 8.4 per cent stake in EasyJet. In 2005, FL Group increased its share in the company to 16.9 per cent. Lois (2005) mentioned that, according to the investment house, EasyJet was becoming a paperless company with a powerful electronic infrastructure. The results were lower administration costs, better management information and more responsive decision making. Figure 1 Milestone of EasyJet Chapter 3 Situation Analysis In this chapter, I will present position and analysis the current position using both of used SWOT and PEST model. EasyJet seems like very good situation and more expertise will predict have great opportunities for the low cost strategy. Resultingly the saturated market and lack of other choice in the British, competition is likely aggravated ineluctability followed by acquisition and coalition, an early sign of which is EasyJets purchase of British Airline subsidiary GO. In UK airline market, gave very less growth opportunities, therefore focus will be on the other continental market. Next step forward in this direction is a new base going Dutch, Berlin, with flights from 11 European cities, and as well on Eastern Europe. Price strategy was also the focus point, its expansion their route network. At last, promotion also needs to convince people that it is safe to fly and constitute EasyJet as Euro largest low fare airline. 3.1 PEST analysis The following factors are likely to have an influence on the EasyJet. Political factors In 1990 the European deregulation of commercial aviation coincided with the expansion of the low cost airline industry. The LCC in the industry were able to take advantage of the relaxed laws and expand their operations. On the other hand, threat of war in the East Euro and EU east enlargement may provide access to viable the new markets were also the political factors of EasyJet. Economical factors Mercer Management Consulting (2002) reported that the low cost airline market conforms to the criteria of three components. Firstly, it provides a simple product consisting of no seat reservation, free seating, and adequate in flight service. They are a genuine no frills airline with a simple product offered to the market. Webster (2004) noted EasyJets ability to maintain a high degree of customer focus through a new, user friendly website with an improved booking process. Secondly, mergers and acquisitions is also the low cost airline markets characteristic; the expansion of existing low cost airlines and finally, market exits as a result of bankruptcy. Finally, the industry operates a low cost ethos, which is maintained by lean sales, high productivity of resources, low maintenance costs and low wages. Social factors The low cost carriers position their product to leisure travellers and non business travellers, however EasyJet has differentiated by targeting the business and leisure segments. This behavioural segmentation creates a more dynamic edge in comparison to their competitors who solely focus on leisure travel. Thus, EasyJet must ensure that its strategy is tailored to a wider market. Walton (2005) confirmed that EasyJet was presented as a European low cost airline with a current reading of 26 million passengers in 14 key countries. It has 190 routes to 58 airports and 163 million people live within one hour of EasyJets airports. Technological actors Low cost carriers have the ability to maintain a high degree of customer focus through user-friendly websites with improved booking processes. These websites have the capability of charging bookings with greater ease and utilising an easy to use fare finder to obtain the cheapest fares. Selling tickets via the technological medium of websites and hence by having no travel agents, they avoid paying agency commissions. 3.2 SWOT analysis Strengths: EasyJet was used the bright orange as Pantone 021C, used by no other airline at the time or since. It have a successful financially which they cut out all meals and snacks on travel tour, can reduced the cost of operation. Have more flexible organisation and being seen as an innovative. The airline opened a telephone reservation centre is a strong e-business on 1995. EasyJet is also was a part of the consortium and have awarded by UK air traffic control system National Air Traffic Services (NATS). The brand name EasyJet has all the qualities required for long term memory storage and will not be easy to forget. The airline flies to main destination airports throughout Europe making it very attractive to business travellers. It gains efficiencies compared to traditional carries with rapid turnaround times, and progressive landing charge agreements with airports, maximizing asset utilization. Single model of aircraft reduced training, maintenance and supervisory costs. At last, EasyJet has been wisely investing in strong brand build measured like advertising and television shows ensured high brand recall. Weaknesses Below have some weaknesses for EasyJet organisation. It continued sustenance of cost leadership can be difficult in a dynamic market. The two drivers of growth, the focus on price and the focus on convenience seem to be reached their natural limits and differentiation from there could become difficult. The airline does not own the EasyJet brand, its owned by Sir Stelios and as a result, does not have control on its performance of other products and services used the same name. It also loss of usage in future could adversely affect its own market performance. On the other hand, the business model can over time become blurred under competitive pressure and consolidation of the Low Cost Carries (LCC) industry. The airline must be continuously innovative to maintain its current advantage in e-tailing. Increased fleet capacity could be difficult to fill during lean periods and in the face of growing competition in a matured market. Opportunities Recent expansion of the EU has resulted in open of new markets for the LCCs. Their low fares will increase movement of job seekers across boarders and also promote the tourism industry, lead to economic growth. Consolidation could help EasyJet to a certain degree offset the pressure on its costs and fares. Otherwise, vertical and horizontal expansion could be an important option for EasyJet for growth in mature markets and offset any future threat of increased in service provider costs. Withdrawal of traditional airlines from less traffic-intense routes could be an opportunity for expanded. EasyJet does not seem to have any flights to Scandinavian capitals like Stockholm and Helsiki where immigrant flow was on the rise. Threats The threats of EasyJet had some factors. Terrorism and catastrophic loss can result in lesser air travel and loss of infrastructural support, war threats and outbreak of epidemics or pandemics could increase apprehensions about air travel. Technology advancement in the conduct of business meetings like video conferencing can be detrimental to short distance flights and impending increased in environmental taxes could increase costs. In addition, limited or no slot availability could be hurdle in future expansion plans and due to its limited fuel hedging policy, EasyJet is more vulnerable to fuel price fluctuations increased by variability in its costs. Currency fluctuations is also the factor of threats, it will affect especially the US dollar denominated costs like aircraft purchase, aircraft financing costs, maintenance reserve payments, fuel purchase etc.. Excess capacity and cost cutting tactics by competitors can affect passenger traffic on popular routes. Imitation of some main no-frills features by traditional airlines on same routes can confuse and blur the distinctive image of any LCC. Additional, traditional players can partly switch over or start their own baby low cost airline. Last, dependence on third party service providers could cause problems when any of these contracts are not renewed or negotiation of suitable replacement does not take place or if higher rates are charged. Chapter 4 eMarketing Strategy This chapter was analysis what eMarketing strategy has the EasyJet adopted or is planned to adopt and what is the value proposition and differential advantage of this strategy. 4.1 Marketing application of internet marketing Internet based media offer a range of opportunities for marketing products and services across the purchase cycle. EasyJet illustrate the applications of internet marketing since they show how organisations can use online communications such as their web site, third-party web sites and e-mail marketing as: Direct response medium: EasyJet uses sponsored links when a user is researching a flight using a search engine to prompt them to directly visit the EasyJet site by clicking through to it. Similarly the EasyJet e-mail newsletter sent to customers can encourage them to click through to a web site to generate sales. Platform for sales transactions: EasyJet sells flights online to both consumers and business travellers. Customer service mechanism: Customers serve themselves on easyJet.com by reviewing frequently asked questions. A relationship-building medium where a company can interact with its customers to better understand their needs and offer them relevant products and offers. EasyJet uses its e-mail newsletter and tailored alerts about special deals to help keep its customers and engage them in a dialogue to understand their needs through completing surveys and polls. 4.2 Consumer matrix Bowman and Faulkner (1997) were also mentioned that the consumer matrix details that customers have with regard to the service or product offered to them and the prices charged. When used this theory to apply in EasyJet, can guestimate the general perception generated by the market. EasyJets flights was offer the value to consumer as gained the benefits from the online or telephone transaction relative to price appear favourable in comparison to another competitors. In the view of heterogeneous, according to the demands for the service, indicated that, one service meets all demands might be let it to the wrong competitive strategy. More consumers were demand the low cost alternative and price sensitive with the airline segment. EasyJet was in order to attain sustainable competitive advantage by the customer matrix price strategy. 4.3 Marketplace channel structures Channel structures describe the way a manufacturer or selling organization delivers products and services to its customer. The distribution channel will consist of one or more intermediaries such as wholesalers and retailers. The relationship between a company and its channel partners shown in below figure can be dramatically altered by the opportunities afforded by the internet. This occurs because the internet offers a means of bypassed some of the channel partners. This process is known as disintermediation or cutting out the middleman. Benjamin and Weigand (1995) calculated that, using the sale of quality shirts as an example, it was possible to make cost saving of 28 per cent in the case of (b) and 62 per cent for case for (c). Some of these cost savings can be passed on to the customer in the form of cost reductions. 4.4 6 Is of eMarketing In this section, I used the McDonald and Wilson (1999) as the 6 Is of eMarketing to summarised the differences between the new media and traditional media. The 6 Is are useful since they highlight factors that apply to practical aspects of internet marketing such as personalization, direct response and marketing search, but also strategic issues of industry restructuring and integrated channel communications. The 6 Is are Interactivity, Intelligence, Individualization, Integration, Industry restructuring and Independence of location. But in this case, I only focus one of the factors Integration, for used by this theory. The Internet provides further scope for integrated marketing communications. Below figure show how it is just one of many different media channels. When assessed the success of a web site, the role of the internet in communicating with customers and other partners can best be considered from two perspectives. The EasyJet web site can be used as a direct response tool enabled customers to respond to offers and promotions publicized in other media. The web site can also have a direct response or call back facility built into it. The internet can be used to support the buying decision even if the purchase does not occur via the web site. Customer information delivered on the web site must be integrated with other databases of customer and order information such as those accessed via staff in the call centre to provide what Seybold (1999) calls a 360 degree view of the customer. The internet can be used to support customer service. In EasyJet, who received over half their orders electronically, encourage users to check a list of frequently asked questions compiled from previous customer enquiries before contacting customer support via phone. 4.5 Marketing Mix The marketing mix the 4 Ps of Product, Price and Promotion originally proposed by McCarthy (1960) is used as an essential part of implemented marketing strategy by many practitioners. Price Baker et al. (2001) have mentioned that the price element of the marketing mix refers to an organizations pricing policies which are used to define pricing models and, of course, to set prices for products and service. In EasyJet case, low price is a key element of the brand. Used differential pricing, booking in advance makes a ticket less expensive and off-peak travelling. Additional, can get the discounts for tickets though online booking. Product There are many alternatives for barying the prosuct when a EasyJat was developed its onoine strategy. The EasyJet website also has car hire, hotel booking services and links to other EasyGroup website. It also provided point to point services. Place Allen and Fjermestand (2001) were discovered that that the internet has the greatest implications for place in the marketing mix since the internet has a global reach. Internet booking system and open a telephone reservation system were the new channel structures for book the tickets. Promotion Specification of the promotion was usually part of a communications strategy. EasyJet highlights its a number one position among Europes low cost carriers. Printed in bright orange telephone booking number and website link on the side of its aircraft. 4.6 Competitive Strategy Michael (1980) has described three general types of strategies that are usually used by organisation. There are cost leadership, differentiation strategy and market segmentation strategy. But in EasyJets case, only two basic of competitive advantage was used: cost leadership and differentiation. Cost leadership Michaels theory was also adopted a cost leadership strategy which is describe to consumers via the cheap fares offered online. However, Easyjet provided technology advantages in terms of cost reductions, its competitors have followed and created websites of their own, provided extremely competitive rates for EasyJets customers. Consequently, another competitor needs to accommodate EasyJets strategies for retain competitive advantage. Differentiation strategy EasyJet had made prominence attempts to make their product pop out from its low cost airline competitors. McDaniel (2000) mentioned that a product differentiation feature acts as competitive advantage was no longer alive. Also, EasyJet was generally the trend-setter for differentiation its market. Shiv and Alfred (2001) was discovered a matrix for classifies and identifies types of competitive positioning. EasyJet provided differentiation service of many routes to major airports such as Gatwick airport which shifts the focus to high produce traffic while abnegate economic and operative advantages of secondary airports. For the merchandise differentiation, EasyJet provide more variables such as have self check in kiosks, unrestricted baggage restraints, easy of use for the website and booking of tickets, these features of differentiation can helps the customers to enhance their purchase power with EasyJet. Figure 8 Michael (1980) Generic Strategies adopted in EasyJet Chapter 5 Implementation 5.1 How is the management creating new core and extended value for customer? EasyJet have the three main components to create new core and extended value for customer, the first was provide the number one safety airline, the second was build up a number one air transport network, and the last was enhance easyjet.com. Provide the number one safety airline: In 2009, EasyJet saw the introduction of a new Safety Management System (SMS), its provided a framework for safety compliance and manage the two pillars of safety performance at EasyJet. With active support by the European Aviation Safety Agencys European Commercial Aviation Safety team, the Safety Management System was a continuous improvement process. Build Europes number one air transport network: Slot management: EasyJet thinks departure time was very important to all customers, both of business trips and weekend breaks. Different from other competitors, who used smaller, much less convenient airports, and more remote, over 90 per cent of EasyJet aircraft operate into and out of congested airports. At these busy business and facilities, where slots were at a premium, EasyJet work hard to build up their portfolio across Europe. The slot management team has expertise and considerable capability, with over 60 years of extensive contacts and combined experience at European airports. Base Management: Overnight stops can create unnecessary costs. EasyJet were located aircraft and crew by managing the bases, they were able to maximise revenue and improve efficiency. Constantly under review the base location. For example, since 2006, EasyJet increased the number of aircraft based in Italy and France. Such as Luton, they also reduced capacity at under performing bases. Enhance easyjet.com Easyjet.com was the most visited airline site in UK. The web site was EasyJets primary distribution channel and they rebuild and refresh it in 2008. EasyJet also consulted with their customers, identify what was like and dislike about the existing site, and also looked at main pages, both outside and inside the travel sector. The website was built on a scalable platform and more robust and was even easier to use. 5.2 How is the management balancing their online and offline promotion methods? Efraim (2008) mentioned that, in a click and mortar business, the allocation of resources between offline and online activities can create difficulties. Especially in sell side projects, the two activities can be viewed as competitors. In this case, personnel in charge of offline and online activities may behave as competitors. This conflict may cause problems when the offline side needs to handle the logistics of the online side or when prices need to be determined. Corporate culture, the ability of top management to introduce change properly, and the use of innovative process that support collaboration will all Pricing Strategy Traditional methods for determining price are the cost-plus and competitor models. Cost-plus means adding up all the costs involved material, labour, rent, overhead, and so forth and adding a percentage mark-up as profit. The competitor model determines price based on what competitors are charging for similar products in the marketplace. Pricing products and services for online sales changes these pricing strategies in subtle ways: Price comparison is easier: In traditional markets, either the buyer or, more often, the seller has more information than the other party, and this situation is exploited in determining a products price. By facilitating price comparison, the EasyJets internet booking system helps created what economists call a perfect market one in which both the buyer and the sell have ubiquitous and equal access to information, usually in the buyers favour. Online and offline goods are priced differently: In EasyJets pricing strategy, it was difficult for click and mortar company. Setting prices lower then those offered by the off-line business may lead to internal conflict, whereas setting prices at the same level will hurt competitiveness. Differentiated pricing can be a pricing strategy: For decades, EasyJet have maximized revenues with yield management charging different price for the same product. EasyJet is in the B2C marketplace, one-on-one marketing can extend yield management from a class of customer to individual customers. Bockstedt el al. (2005) also mentioned that, versioning is selling the same good but with different selection and delivery characteristics, is especially effective is selling digitized goods. Last minute deals: I attention that, in practice, last minute deals were sometimes offered, often at very low prices. If the airline decides to launch in such offers, either via a reseller or directly, it can set a new price that will allured the lower end of the tourist segment that didnt purchase tickets. Last minute deals were always made very close to the actual flight time. The overall impact of these changes is good news for the consumer. Internet technologies tend to provide consumers with easier access to pricing information, which increases their bargaining power. To remain competitive and profitable, sellers will have to adopt smarter pricing strategies. Specifically, business will have to look at ways of using the internet to optimize prices, primarily through greater precision in setting prices, more adaptability in changing prices, and new ways of customer segmentation for differentiated pricing. 5.3 What impact is the implementation of strategy having upon the performance of the business? To improve results for any aspect of any business, performance management is vital. The process and systems intended to monitor and improve the performance of an organization and specific management activities such as internet marketing are widely known as performance management systems and are based on the study of performance measurement systems. 5.3.1 Defining the performance metrics framework: Kotler (1997) mentioned that measurement for assess the effectiveness of internet marketing also be related to different levels of marketing control. These include strategic control, profitability control, annual plan control and efficiency control. Efficiency measures are more concerned with minimizing the costs of online marketing while maximizing the returns for different areas of focus such as acquiring visitors to a web site, converting visitors to outcome or achieving repeat business. Chaffey (2000) presents a framework of measures which can be applied to range of different companies. Metrics for the categories are generated as objectives from internet marketing planning which then need to be monitored to assess the success of strategy and its implementation. Objectives can be devised in a top down fashion, starting with strategic objectives for business contribution and marketing outcomes leading to tactical objectives for customer satisfaction, behaviour and site promotion. An alternative perspective is bottom up success in achieving objectives for site promotion, on site customer behaviour and customer satisfaction lead sequentially to achieving objectives for marketing outcomes and business contribution. Business contribution A contribution to business profitability is always the ultimate aim of e-commerce. To assess this, leading companies set an internet contribution target of achieving a certain proportion of sales via the channel. When EasyJet (www.easyjet.com) launched its e-commerce facility in 1998, it set an internet contribution target of 30 per cent by 2000. They put the resources and communications plan in place to achieve this and their target was reached in 1999. Assessing contribution is more difficult for a company that can not sell products online, but the role of the internet in influencing purchase should be assessed. Discounted cash flow techniques are used to assess the rate of return over time. Service contribution from e-channels should also be assessed. 5.3.2 Tools and techniques for collecting metric and summarizing results Techniques to collect metrics include the collection of site visitor activity data such as that collected from site log files, the collection of metrics about outcomes such as online sales or email enquiries and traditional marketing research techniques such as questionnaires and focus groups which collect information on the customers experience on the web site. I start by describing methods for collecting site visitor activity and then review more traditional techniques of market research which assess the customer experience. EasyJet was used customer relationship management CRM software to enhance its online booking server and reduce operational costs. Tony (2006) mentioned that CRM was specifically about gather customers information to provide their own customer service through the web. The CRM system was centralised all the data and information and allows innovations in customer service to be deployed and tested. An email marketing automation tool and a pilot voice self service solution is also can provide and enhanced levels of customer support with EasyJet. The CRM service system module was enabled the 1.5 million people who visit the EasyJet website each week, it can recorded end-to-end transactions while they are online, without any interposition from customer service agents. It responds to keyword searches and natural language text, have 90 per cent of customers were resolving queries by used this solution. Chapter 6 Legal and ethical issues Plamer (2005) mentioned that business ethics defines how a company integrates the core values of honesty, trust, respect, and fairness into its policies and practices and complies with legal standards and regulations. The scope of business ethics has expanded to encompass a companys actions with regard not only to how it treats employees and obeys laws but to the nature and quality of the relationships with shareholders, customers, business partners, suppliers, the community, environment, and future generations. European companies especially have embraced this expanded definition of ethics. Because of the worldwide scope and universal accessibility of the internet, there are serious questions as to which ethical rules and laws apply. These questions involve an appreciation of the law that is constantly changing. Lawsuits and criminal charges are very disruptive, expensive, and may damage customer relations. The best strategy is to avoid behaviours that expose the company to these types of risk. 6.1 e-Commerce ethical issues Two additional e-commerce related ethical issues are non work related use of the internet and codes of ethics. Non work related use of the internet EasyJet had a policy to avoid the employees used email and the web for non work related purposes. The use of company property for email and inter use creates risk. The degree of risk depends on the extent to which the company has implemented policies and procedure to prevent and detect illegal uses. EasyJet was also held liable for their employees use of email to harass another employee, participate in illegal gambling, or distribute child pornography. Some employees may use the company email to advertise their own business. Used other corporate computing facilities for private purposes may be a problem. Codes of ethics Volonino and Robinson (2004) were discovered that a practical and necessary approach to limit non work related internet surfing is an internet Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) that all employees must agree to. Without a formal AUP, it was much more difficult to enforce acceptable and eliminate unacceptable behaviours and punish violators. Whenever a user signs on to the corporate network, the user should see a reminder of the AUP and be notified that online activates are monitored. Such notification should be a part of a code of ethics. EasyJet have some corporate web policy guidelines, such as issue written AUP guidelines about employee use of the internet and commu